A patient with primary proliferative polycythaemia (PPP), who after treatment with radio-phosphorous, developed Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with typical bcr rearrangement but with a high neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score is described. Other similar reported cases are reviewed. © 1992 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.