The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is up-regulated in prostate cancer. In this study, prostate tumor tissue expression of downstream molecule of the mTOR pathway, especially pS6 and mTOR, were associated with the outcome of patients with intermediate-/high-risk prostate cancer. These molecules could serve as potential surrogate markers for treatment selection when evaluating inhibitors of the mTOR pathway in prostate cancer.