Myeloid cell populations play critical roles in the context of acute kidney injury and recovery. This chapter provides a description of acute kidney injury and an explanation of the various model systems used to study the mononuclear phagocyte system, with a focus on ischemia-reperfusion injury. The role of cellular damage caused by the initial insult and function of infiltrating versus resident cell populations through injury and recovery, or if there is a failure to restore homeostasis, are discussed.
