Low-dimensional nanophotonic materials have unique properties that are due to behavior on the quantum scale, in addition to emergent properties that arise from collective interactions in the material. These collective interactions may include complex quasiparticle interactions as well as structural coupling in the device, at an interfacial boundary in a heterostructure, for example. Physical properties of nanophotonic materials may be modeled with a high degree of accuracy, provided that the technique used takes into account both properties on the atomistic scale and the continuum, as well as bridging this hierarchal gap. This chapter details the theory and modeling techniques involved in creating accurate and predictive models for nanophotonic materials.
